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Inhaltsverzeichnis
Geography
- a huge country
- 260 million people
- consists of 50 states
- capital Washington
- in the USA you can _ every kind of weather and _ countryside
- Hollywood
- Disney Land
- the Grand Canyon
- the Golden Gate Bridge
- the Everglades
- and the Rocky Mountains.
New York
- seven million people
- New York lies at the mouth of the Hudson River
- The city consists of five boroughs: Queens, the Bronx, Brooklyn, Staten Island and Manhattan
- And now I tell you more about Brooklyn the New York borough
- Brooklyn has a population of 2.25 million and its the largest of the New York boroughs
- Brooklyn has its own harbour, its own beaches and some of New York's finest buildings and parks
- But New York is a city of contrasts it has also problems like crime, poverty homeless people, dirty streets and subways
- At last I tell you more about the history of New York
- The first people on Manhattan were primitive Indians
- In sixteen ten, the Dutch people bought Manhattan and called it New Amsterdam
- Then came the| English and took the city
- Of course ,you know the new name of the city it's New York
Holidays and history of the USA
- And now I tell you more about the history of the United States of America
- The first people in America were the Vikings, they sailed from Greenland to North America
- The first European people in America was Christopher Columbus but he was looking for a sea route to India and not to America
- Till is dead he thought he was in India
- That's the reason that he gave the native Americans the name Indians
- The first English settlers landed in Virginia in 1607
- The Indians helped them with food and the settlers thanked them with the dead
- Later, England had thirteen colonies along the east cost
- In 1773 started a Rebellion against England because the taxes were high, England was getting richer and not the colonies
- The colonies won, because their leader was George Washington and the German General Friedrich von Steuber gave them weapons and soldiers
- In 1783 England officially surrendered
Detroit
- Detroit is often called Motor City because it's the centre of American automobile industry
- But the most people call Detroit Chocolate City because over 60% of Detroit's population is black
- Detroit is the sixth largest city in the USA and one of the greatest industrial centres in the world
- It's situated in the north of the US and it's the only city in the USA where you can look south into Canada
Kansas
- is often called the "Wheat State" or the "breadbasket of the nation" because much of the land is flat and covered with wheatfields
- In the summer it looks like a huge sea of gold and the imported thing about Kansas that you can get the driver's licence with sixteen
- That was all about Kansas, now I tell you something about the school system in the USA
- In the United States they don't have different kinds of schools
- All student's go to the nearest school in the neighbourhood and they have the same timetable every day
The Statue of Liberty
- Hello I am your Tourist Guide for the next ten minutes
- right side _ Statue of Liberty
- a present from France
- Miss Liberty _ built by Mr. Bartholdy and by Mr. Eifel in eighteen-eighty-four in Paris
- was cut into smaller pieces _ put in over two hundred boxes
- sailed across the Atlantic for a month _ arrived at New York Harbour
- a symbol freedom and of New York
- meter high and she weights 225 tones
- we are at the end of the tour _ enjoyed it
- under the statue is a museum there you can look at the history of the statue again
- I wish you good trip
- Is a part of the UK
- In N. or Ulster is the other name live 1.6 million people
- 25% of them are Catholics
- 58% of them are Protestants
- You can see that there are two different religions in N.
- And I hope it's clear that there are troubles between these religions
- Later you'll get more information's about these troubles
- the capital is Belfast with a population of three hundred thousand inhabitants
- there is a cathedral and an important port
- My special topic today is the history and the conflicts in N.
- In 1921 Ireland became independent, but N. were a part of Great Britain
- Since this separation the Catholic minority fights for political, social and economic equality in N. and for the connection at Ireland
- Ireland helps them to reach this
- They are represent by:
- SDLP(Social Democratic and Labour Party)
- IRA(Irish Republican Army forbidden and militant)
- The protestants represent:
- UDA(Ulster Defence Association)
- Orangemen (German: Oranier Orden)
- UUP(Ulster Unionist Party)
- These organisations fight against each other
- Since 1969 are these fights like a civil-war
- In 1972 sends the British Government 13.000 soldiers to N.
- And took the direct control
- Start of 1975 there was a series of bomb assassinations of the IRA also in London
- In 1994 was a temporarily cease-fire
- One year later were talks about the independence of N.
- But the talks were interrupted by assassinations
- Today we have a historical peace-agreement for Northern Ireland that said that Northern Ireland has it's own parliament and so it's nearly independent
- The peacemaker was the US man George Mitchell
- He talks with the conflict partners about 32 hours and he was successful with it
- The people in Northern Ireland have new hope
- John Hume the boss of the SDLP and David Trimple the boss of the UUP both got the Peace Nobel prize for their policy of peace in Oslo
- More than 3500 people died in this conflict
- At last I give you some reasons for the conflict:
- misunderstandings between Protestants and Catholics
- discrimination of the Catholics
- better jobs for the Protestants
- and so more unemployed Catholics
- ignorance and prejudices
- the violence is a result of radical groups fighting each other
- First Introduction about United Kingdom
- UK small compared other countries
- Population 58 million
- One third of UK population in south east of England
- In UK Britain and Northern Ireland
- But main topic that's Scotland
- Capital is Edinburgh on south east coast
- live 5.2 million people
- size is seventy nine square kilometres
- famous for beautiful countryside
- ex. the Highlands loneliest and wildest parts
- because of little vegetation and high mountains
- most industry in the south / flatter land there good for farming
- in the north oil industry / work on oil rigs that in north sea
- some tourist attractions
- ski resorts high mountains
- Loch Ness
- Highland Games over thousand years old Competition tossing the caber
- Isle of Skye the largest and most beautiful of 800 islands
- Last history of Scotland
- 400 AD Celtic tribes build there a first settlement
- 80 BD Romans came to England
- 9. Century Vikings conquered the north of Scotland
- 1286 English were in big part's
- 1707 Scotland and England became one country the UK of Great Britain
- independence trend's of Scottish people
- 1745 Charles Stuart led an army against England
- The English defeated them easily
General facts
Political development
- capital: Canberra
- area: 7,7 mill. kmē
- population: 18,1 mill.
- Olympic games 2000
- commonwealth of federal states
- New South Wales (Sydney)
- Queensland
- Victoria
- Western Australia
- South Australia
- Tasmania
- multicultural Country
- 26. January Australia Day
- most important industry is mining and agriculture
- highest mountain: Mount Kosciusko (2228m)
- Aborigines came 60000 years ago
- In the 16th century ca. 500000 Aborigines lived there
- 1st discoverers of Australia were Arabians and Chinese
- in Europe it was supposed that there must be a great land and they called it: Terra incognita Australis
- 15th the Portuguese performed tests to discover Australia
- very difficult (Passats winds)
- 16th and 17th century Spanish ships sailed from Peru towards Australia and discovered the Salomon Islands
- this encouraged and they sended new expeditions (1595,1605); both were not successful
- controlled Indonesia (Bantam, Batavia)
- better ships
- 1606 William Janszon sailed through the passage of Torres and saw North coast of Cape York
- October 1616 1st European set a foot on Australian earth (Dirk Hartog, Shark Bay)
- Dutchmen mapped long coastlines and performed 1st interior expeditions
- 1642 Abel Janszon Tasman discovered Tasmania and named it after the governor of Indonesia Van Diemen?s Land
- Dutchman didn?t claim the land, reason: not interesting
- 1st Englishmen in Britain was William Dampier
- 1768 James Cook started an Expedition
- 1770 he claimed the land around Possession Island, name: New South Wales
- 1786 the British government decided to settle Australia and ordered to Arthur Phillip to claim the Western Part of Australia
- 1787 1st fleet started towards the new land (759 prisoners, 211 Marines)
- 26 January 1788 1st settlement at Port Jackson: Sydney
- Arthur Phillip became governor
- Problem: famine -> forced Aborigines to leave the riverside of Hawkesbury and founded farms
- Furthermore they got food from Norfolk Island (Island where mutineers of Bounty lived)
- 1792 the Royal marines were substituted by the New South Wales Corps -> became good farmers -> produced rum -> illegal trade with rum
- next two governors couldn?t control the trade with rum
- 1806 governor William Bligh (captain of the Bounty) threatened the NSWC that they would loose their land -> 26. January 1808 rum rebellion (leader was John McArthur) -> Bligh was no longer governor
- new governor: Lachlan McQuarie -> conditions got better (infrastructure, hospitals, churches)
- prisoners want to have more rights and got them
- 1823 a provisional parliament was founded
- 1827 Britain claimed whole Australia
- 1829 area around Sydney (300 km) was inhabited ,name: Nineteen counties, sheep breeding became most important industry
- in the later 20?s till the 80?s 5 more were founded
- South Australia july 1837 (Adelaide)
- 1851 Victoria (Melbourne)
- 1859 Queensland (Brisbane)
- Tasmania
- Western Australia
- April 1851 gold was found at Summer Hill Creek (NSW)
- 1861 gold export of 124 mill. pounds
| 1850 | 1861 |
| 400000 people | 1200000 people |
- rivalry between the colonies -> the union of the 6 colonies was very late
- 1901 federation of Australia, reasons:
- fear of enemy invasion
- better economical co-operation
- 1911 Canberra became capital
- 1st World War: 330000 (60000, 165 were injured)
- 25 April 1915 ANZAC troops to defeat the Turks -> ANZAC Day
- 1928 the economy crisis deeply hurt Australia
- 2nd World War helped Britain till 1941
- after they allied with USA to defeat Japan
- founding members of UN
- on the side of USA during the Vietcong
- 1967 Aborigines got full citizens rights
- 1976 Aboriginal Land Rights Act : Aborigines got their Land back
